gmplayer; man page

Man Pages Index


SYNOPSIS
       mplayer [options] [file|URL|playlist|-]
       mplayer [options] file1 [specific options] [file2] [specific options]
       mplayer [options] {group of files and options} [group-specific options]
       mplayer [dvd|dvdnav]://[title|[start_title]-end_title] [options]
       mplayer vcd://track[/device]
       mplayer tv://[channel] [options]
       mplayer radio://[channel|frequency][/capture] [options]
       mplayer pvr:// [options]
       mplayer dvb://[card_number@]channel [options]
       mplayer mf://filemask [-mf options] [options]
       mplayer [cdda|cddb]://track[-endtrack][:speed][/device] [options]
       mplayer cue://file[:track] [options]
       mplayer [file|mms[t]|http|http_proxy|rt[s]p|ftp|udp|unsv]://
       [user:pass@]URL[:port] [options]
       mplayer sdp://file [options]
       mplayer mpst://host[:port]/URL [options]
       mplayer tivo://host/[list|llist|fsid] [options]
       gmplayer [options] [-skin skin]
       mencoder [options] file [file|URL|-] [-o file]
       mencoder [options] file1 [specific options] [file2] [specific options]

DESCRIPTION
       mplayer  is  a movie player for Linux (runs on many other platforms and
       CPU architectures, see the documentation).   It  plays  most  MPEG/VOB,
       AVI, ASF/WMA/WMV, RM, QT/MOV/MP4, Ogg/OGM, MKV, VIVO, FLI, NuppelVideo,
       yuv4mpeg, FILM and RoQ files,  supported  by  many  native  and  binary
       codecs.   You  can watch Video CD, SVCD, DVD, 3ivx, DivX 3/4/5 and even
       WMV movies, too.

       MPlayer supports a wide range of video and audio  output  drivers.   It
       works  with  X11,  Xv, DGA, OpenGL, SVGAlib, fbdev, AAlib, libcaca, Di‐
       rectFB, Quartz, Mac OS X CoreVideo, but you can also use GGI, SDL  (and
       all  their  drivers), VESA (on every VESA-compatible card, even without
       X11), some low-level card-specific drivers (for Matrox, 3dfx  and  ATI)
       and  some  hardware MPEG decoder boards, such as the Siemens DVB, Haup‐
       pauge PVR (IVTV), DXR2 and DXR3/Hollywood+.  Most of them support soft‐
       ware or hardware scaling, so you can enjoy movies in fullscreen mode.

       MPlayer  has an onscreen display (OSD) for status information, nice big
       antialiased shaded subtitles and visual feedback for keyboard controls.
       European/ISO8859-1,2 (Hungarian, English, Czech, etc), Cyrillic and Ko‐
       rean fonts are supported along with 12 subtitle formats (MicroDVD, Sub‐
       Rip,  OGM, SubViewer, Sami, VPlayer, RT, SSA, AQTitle, JACOsub, PJS and
       our own: MPsub) and DVD subtitles (SPU streams, VOBsub and Closed  Cap‐
       tions).

       mencoder  (MPlayer’s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder, designed
       to encode MPlayer-playable movies (see above) to other MPlayer-playable
       formats  (see  below).   It  encodes  to MPEG-4 (DivX/XviD), one of the
       libavcodec codecs and PCM/MP3/VBRMP3 audio in 1, 2 or 3  passes.   Fur‐
       allows you to control MPlayer using keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote
       control (with LIRC).  See the -input option for ways to customize it.

       keyboard control
              <- and ->
                   Seek backward/forward 10 seconds.
              up and down
                   Seek forward/backward 1 minute.
              pgup and pgdown
                   Seek forward/backward 10 minutes.
              [ and ]
                   Decrease/increase current playback speed by 10%.
              { and }
                   Halve/double current playback speed.
              backspace
                   Reset playback speed to normal.
              < and >
                   Go backward/forward in the playlist.
              ENTER
                   Go forward in the playlist, even over the end.
              HOME and END
                   next/previous playtree entry in the parent list
              INS and DEL (ASX playlist only)
                   next/previous alternative source.
              p / SPACE
                   Pause (pressing again unpauses).
              .
                   Step  forward.   Pressing once will pause movie, every con‐
                   secutive press will play one frame and then go  into  pause
                   mode again (any other key unpauses).
              q / ESC
                   Stop playing and quit.
              + and -
                   Adjust audio delay by +/- 0.1 seconds.
              / and *
                   Decrease/increase volume.
              9 and 0
                   Decrease/increase volume.
              m
                   Mute sound.
              # (MPEG and Matroska only)
                   Cycle through the available audio tracks.
              f
                   Toggle fullscreen (also see -fs).
              T
                   Toggle stay-on-top (also see -ontop).
              w and e
                   Decrease/increase pan-and-scan range.
              o
                   Toggle  OSD  states:  none  /  seek / seek + timer / seek +
                   timer + total time.
              d
              r and t
                   Move subtitles up/down.
              i (-edlout mode only)
                   Set  start  or  end  of an EDL skip and write it out to the
                   given file.
              s (-vf screenshot only)
                   Take a screenshot.
              S (-vf screenshot only)
                   Start/stop taking screenshots.
              I
                   Show filename on the OSD.
              ! and @
                   Seek to the beginning of the previous/next chapter.

              (The following keys are valid only when using a hardware  accel‐
              erated  video  output  (xv, (x)vidix, (x)mga, etc), the software
              equalizer (-vf eq or -vf eq2) or hue filter (-vf hue).)

              1 and 2
                   Adjust contrast.
              3 and 4
                   Adjust brightness.
              5 and 6
                   Adjust hue.
              7 and 8
                   Adjust saturation.

              (The following keys are valid only when using the quartz or  ma‐
              cosx video output driver.)

              command + 0
                   Resize movie window to half its original size.
              command + 1
                   Resize movie window to its original size.
              command + 2
                   Resize movie window to double its original size.
              command + f
                   Toggle fullscreen (also see -fs).
              command + [ and command + ]
                   Set movie window alpha.

              (The following keys are valid only when using the sdl video out‐
              put driver.)

              c
                   Cycle through available fullscreen modes.
              n
                   Restore original mode.

              (The following keys are valid if you have a keyboard with multi‐
              media keys.)

              l
                   Load file.
              t
                   Load subtitle.
              c
                   Open skin browser.
              p
                   Open playlist.
              r
                   Open preferences.

              (The following keys are only valid if you compiled  with  TV  or
              DVB input support and will take precedence over the keys defined
              above.)

              h and k
                   Select previous/next channel.
              n
                   Change norm.
              u
                   Change channel list.

              (The following keys are only valid if you compiled  with  dvdnav
              support: they are used to navigate the menus)

              keypad 8
                   Select button up.
              keypad 2
                   Select button down.
              keypad 4
                   Select button left.
              keypad 6
                   Select button right.
              keypad 5
                   Return to main menu.
              keypad 7
                   Return  to  nearest menu (the order of preference is: chap‐
                   ter->title->root).
              keypad ENTER
                   Confirm choice.


              mouse control
                     button 3 and button 4
                          Seek backward/forward 1 minute.
                     button 5 and button 6
                          Decrease/increase volume.

              joystick control
                     left and right
                          Seek backward/forward 10 seconds.
                     up and down

       with the XXX option or if XXX is compiled in.

       NOTE:  The  suboption  parser (used for example for -ao pcm suboptions)
       supports a special kind of string-escaping intended for use with exter‐
       nal GUIs.
       It has the following format:
       %n%string_of_length_n
       EXAMPLES:
       mplayer -ao pcm:file=%10%C:test.wav test.avi
       Or in a script:
       mplayer -ao pcm:file=%‘expr length "$NAME"‘%"$NAME" test.avi


CONFIGURATION FILES
       You  can  put  all  of the options in configuration files which will be
       read every time MPlayer/MEncoder is run.  The system-wide configuration
       file  ’mplayer.conf’  is  in  your  configuration directory (e.g. /etc/
       mplayer or /usr/local/etc/mplayer), the user specific one is ’~/.mplay‐
       er/config’.   The configuration file for MEncoder is ’mencoder.conf’ in
       your configuration  directory  (e.g.  /etc/mplayer  or  /usr/local/etc/
       mplayer),  the  user  specific  one is ’~/.mplayer/mencoder.conf.  User
       specific options override system-wide options and options given on  the
       command line override either.  The syntax of the configuration files is
       ’option=<value>’, everything after a ’#’ is considered a comment.   Op‐
       tions  that work without values can be enabled by setting them to ’yes’
       or ’1’ or ’true’ and disabled  by  setting  them  to  ’no’  or  ’0’  or
       ’false’.  Even suboptions can be specified in this way.

       You  can  also write file-specific configuration files.  If you wish to
       have a configuration file for a file called ’movie.avi’, create a  file
       named  ’movie.avi.conf’ with the file-specific options in it and put it
       in ~/.mplayer/.  You can also put the configuration file  in  the  same
       directory  as  the  file  to  be  played, as long as you give the -use-
       filedir-conf option (either on the command line or in your global  con‐
       fig file).

       EXAMPLE MPLAYER CONFIGURATION FILE:

       # Use Matrox driver by default.
       vo=xmga
       # I love practicing handstands while watching videos.
       flip=yes
       # Decode/encode multiple files from PNG,
       # start with mf://filemask
       mf=type=png:fps=25
       # Eerie negative images are cool.
       vf=eq2=1.0:-0.8

       EXAMPLE MENCODER CONFIGURATION FILE:

       # Make MEncoder output to a default filename.
       o=encoded.avi
       subfont-text-scale=4
       subalign=2
       subpos=96
       spuaa=20

PROFILES
       To  ease  working with different configurations profiles can be defined
       in the configuration files.  A profile starts  with  its  name  between
       square  brackets,  e.g.  ’[my-profile]’.  All following options will be
       part of the profile.  A description (shown by -profile help) can be de‐
       fined  with the profile-desc option.  To end the profile, start another
       one or use the profile name ’default’ to continue with normal  options.

       EXAMPLE MENCODER PROFILE:


       [mpeg4]
       profile-desc="MPEG4 encoding"
       ovc=lacv=yes
       lavcopts=vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=1200

       [mpeg4-hq]
       profile-desc="HQ MPEG4 encoding"
       profile=mpeg4
       lavcopts=mbd=2:trell=yes:v4mv=yes

GENERAL OPTIONS
       -codecs-file <filename> (also see -afm, -ac, -vfm, -vc)
              Override the standard search path and use the specified file in‐
              stead of the builtin codecs.conf.

       -include <configuration file>
              Specify configuration file to be parsed after the default  ones.

       -list-options
              Prints all available options.

       -msgcharset <charset>
              Convert  console  messages  to  the specified character set (de‐
              fault: autodetect).  Text will be in the encoding specified with
              the --charset configure option.  Set this to "noconv" to disable
              conversion (for e.g. iconv problems).
              NOTE: The option takes effect after  command  line  parsing  has
              finished.  The MPLAYER_CHARSET environment variable can help you
              get rid of the first lines of garbled output.

       -msglevel <all=<level>:<module>=<level>:...>
              Control verbosity directly for each module.   The  ’all’  module
              changes  the  verbosity of all the modules not explicitly speci‐
              fied on the command line.  See ’-msglevel help’ for  a  list  of
              all modules.
              NOTE:  Messages printed before the command line is parsed can be

       -quiet
              Make  console  output  less verbose; in particular, prevents the
              status line (i.e. A:   0.7 V:   0.6 A-V:  0.068 ...) from  being
              displayed.  Particularly useful on slow terminals or broken ones
              which do not properly handle carriage return (i.e. \r).

       -priority <prio> (Windows only)
              Set process priority for MPlayer  according  to  the  predefined
              priorities available under Windows.  Possible values of <prio>:
                 idle|belownormal|normal|abovenormal|high|realtime

              WARNING: Using realtime priority can cause system lockup.

       -profile <profile1,profile2,...>
              Use  the  given profile(s), -profile help displays a list of the
              defined profiles.

       -really-quiet (also see -quiet)
              Display even less output and status messages than with -quiet.

       -show-profile <profile>
              Show the description and content of a profile.

       -use-filedir-conf
              Look for a file-specific configuration file in the same directo‐
              ry as the file that is being played.
              WARNING: may be dangerous if playing from untrusted media.

       -v
              Increment  verbosity  level,  one level for each -v found on the
              command line.

PLAYER OPTIONS (MPLAYER ONLY)
       -autoq <quality> (use with -vf [s]pp)
              Dynamically changes the level of postprocessing depending on the
              available  spare  CPU  time.  The number you specify will be the
              maximum level used.  Usually you can use some big  number.   You
              have  to  use  -vf [s]pp without parameters in order for this to
              work.

       -autosync <factor>
              Gradually adjusts the A/V sync based  on  audio  delay  measure‐
              ments.   Specifying  -autosync  0, the default, will cause frame
              timing to be based entirely on audio delay measurements.  Speci‐
              fying  -autosync  1 will do the same, but will subtly change the
              A/V correction algorithm.  An uneven video framerate in a  movie
              which  plays  fine  with -nosound can often be helped by setting
              this to an integer value greater than 1.  The higher the  value,
              the  closer the timing will be to -nosound.  Try -autosync 30 to
              smooth out problems with sound drivers which do not implement  a
              perfect  audio delay measurement.  With this value, if large A/V
              is black and 0xffffff is white.  Only supported by  the  cvidix,
              fbdev,  svga,  vesa,  winvidix, xmga, xvidix, xover, xv (see -vo
              xv:ck), xvmc (see -vo xv:ck) and directx video output drivers.

       -nocolorkey
              Disables colorkeying.  Only supported by the cvidix, fbdev,  sv‐
              ga,  vesa,  winvidix,  xmga,  xvidix, xover, xv (see -vo xv:ck),
              xvmc (see -vo xv:ck) and directx video output drivers.

       -crash-debug (DEBUG CODE)
              Automatically attaches gdb upon crash or SIGTRAP.  Support  must
              be compiled in by configuring with --enable-crash-debug.

       -edlout <filename>
              Creates  a  new file and writes edit decision list (EDL) records
              to it.  During playback, the user hits ’i’ to mark the start  or
              end  of a skip block.  This provides a starting point from which
              the user can fine-tune EDL entries later.  See http://www.mplay‐
              erhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/edl.html for details.

       -enqueue (GUI only)
              Enqueue  files given on the command line in the playlist instead
              of playing them immediately.

       -fixed-vo
              Enforces a fixed video system for multiple files  (one  (un)ini‐
              tialization  for  all files).  Therefore only one window will be
              opened for all  files.   Currently  the  following  drivers  are
              fixed-vo  compliant:  gl,  gl2, mga, svga, x11, xmga, xv, xvidix
              and dfbmga.

       -framedrop (also see -hardframedrop)
              Skip displaying some frames to maintain A/V sync  on  slow  sys‐
              tems.   Video  filters  are  not applied to such frames.  For B-
              frames even decoding is skipped completely.

       -(no)gui
              Enable or disable the GUI interface (default depends  on  binary
              name).   Only  works  as the first argument on the command line.
              Does not work as a config-file option.

       -h, -help, --help
              Show short summary of options.

       -hardframedrop
              More intense frame dropping (breaks decoding).  Leads  to  image
              distortion!

       -identify
              Shorthand  for -msglevel identify=4.  Show file parameters in an
              easily parseable format.  Also prints more detailed  information
              about subtitle and audio track languages and IDs.  In some cases
              NOTE: Autorepeat is currently only supported by joysticks.

              Available commands are:

                 conf=<filename>
                      Specify  input configuration file other than the default
                      ~/.mplayer/input.conf.  ~/.mplayer/<filename> is assumed
                      if no full path is given.
                 ar-delay
                      Delay  in  milliseconds  before we start to autorepeat a
                      key (0 to disable).
                 ar-rate
                      Number of key presses to generate per second on  autore‐
                      peat.
                 keylist
                      Prints all keys that can be bound to commands.
                 cmdlist
                      Prints all commands that can be bound to keys.
                 js-dev
                      Specifies  the joystick device to use (default: /dev/in‐
                      put/js0).
                 file=<filename>
                      Read commands from the given file.  Mostly useful with a
                      FIFO.
                      NOTE:  When  the given file is a FIFO MPlayer opens both
                      ends so you can do several ’echo "seek  10"  >  mp_pipe’
                      and the pipe will stay valid.

       -key-fifo-size <2-65000>
              Specify  the  size of the FIFO that buffers key events (default:
              10).  A FIFO of size n can buffer (n-1) events.  If  it  is  too
              small  some events may be lost (leading to "stuck mouse buttons"
              and similar effects).  If it is too big,  MPlayer  may  seem  to
              hang  while  it  processes the buffered events.  To get the same
              behavior as before this option was introduced, set it to  2  for
              Linux or 1024 for Windows.

       -lircconf <filename> (LIRC only)
              Specifies a configuration file for LIRC (default: ~/.lircrc).

       -list-properties
              Print a list of the available properties.

       -loop <number>
              Loops movie playback <number> times.  0 means forever.

       -menu (OSD menu only)
              Turn on OSD menu support.

       -menu-cfg <filename> (OSD menu only)
              Use an alternative menu.conf.

              cally  enabled  when  - is found on the command line.  There are
              situations where you have to set it manually, e.g. if  you  open
              /dev/stdin  (or  the  equivalent on your system), use stdin in a
              playlist or intend to read from stdin later on via the  loadfile
              or loadlist slave commands.

       -nojoystick
              Turns off joystick support.

       -nolirc
              Turns off LIRC support.

       -nomouseinput (X11 only)
              Disable  mouse button press/release input (mozplayerxp’s context
              menu relies on this option).

       -rtc (RTC only)
              Turns on usage of the Linux RTC (realtime clock -  /dev/rtc)  as
              timing  mechanism.   This wakes up the process every 1/1024 sec‐
              onds to check the current time.  Useless with modern Linux  ker‐
              nels configured for desktop use as they already wake up the pro‐
              cess with similar accuracy when using normal timed sleep.

       -playing-msg <string>
              Print out a string before starting playback.  The following  ex‐
              pansions are supported:

                 ${NAME}
                      Expand to the value of the property NAME.

                 $(NAME:TEXT)
                      Expand TEXT only if the property NAME is available.

       -playlist <filename>
              Play  files  according to a playlist file (ASX, Winamp, SMIL, or
              one-file-per-line format).
              NOTE: This option is considered an entry so options found  after
              it will apply only to the elements of this playlist.
              FIXME: This needs to be clarified and documented thoroughly.

       -rtc-device <device>
              Use the specified device for RTC timing.

       -shuffle
              Play files in random order.

       -skin <name> (GUI only)
              Loads a skin from the directory given as parameter below the de‐
              fault  skin   directories,   /usr/local/share/mplayer/skins/ and
              ~/.mplayer/skins/.

              EXAMPLE:
              ful  if  your  kernel timing is imprecise and you cannot use the
              RTC either.  Comes at the price of higher CPU consumption.

       -sstep <sec>
              Skip <sec> seconds after every frame.  The normal  framerate  of
              the  movie  is  kept, so playback is accelerated.  Since MPlayer
              can only seek to the next keyframe this may be inexact.

DEMUXER/STREAM OPTIONS
       -a52drc <level>
              Select  the  Dynamic  Range  Compression  level  for  AC3  audio
              streams.   <level> is a float value ranging from 0 to 1, where 0
              means no compression and 1 (which is  the  default)  means  full
              compression  (make  loud  passages  more silent and vice versa).
              This option only shows an effect if the AC3 stream contains  the
              required range compression information.

       -aid <ID> (also see -alang)
              Select  audio channel (MPEG: 0-31, AVI/OGM: 1-99, ASF/RM: 0-127,
              VOB(AC3): 128-159, VOB(LPCM): 160-191, MPEG-TS 17-8190).  MPlay‐
              er prints the available audio IDs when run in verbose (-v) mode.
              When playing an MPEG-TS stream, MPlayer/MEncoder  will  use  the
              first program (if present) with the chosen audio stream.

       -alang <language code[,language code,...]> (also see -aid)
              Specify  a  priority  list of audio languages to use.  Different
              container formats employ different language codes.  DVDs use ISO
              639-1  two letter language codes, Matroska and NUT use ISO 639-2
              three letter language codes while OGM uses a free-form identifi‐
              er.   MPlayer prints the available languages when run in verbose
              (-v) mode.

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer dvd://1 -alang hu,en
                      Chooses the Hungarian language track on a DVD and  falls
                      back on English if Hungarian is not available.
                 mplayer -alang jpn example.mkv
                      Plays a Matroska file in Japanese.

       -audio-demuxer <[+]name> (-audiofile only)
              Force  audio  demuxer type for -audiofile.  Use a ’+’ before the
              name to force it, this will skip some checks!  Give the  demuxer
              name  as  printed by -audio-demuxer help.  For backward compati‐
              bility it also accepts the demuxer ID as defined in  libmpdemux/
              demuxer.h.   -audio-demuxer  audio  or  -audio-demuxer 17 forces
              MP3.

       -audiofile <filename>
              Play audio from an external file (WAV, MP3 or Ogg Vorbis)  while
              viewing a movie.

       -audiofile-cache <kBytes>

       -nocache
              Turns off caching.

       -cache-min <percentage>
              Playback will start when the cache has been filled up  to  <per‐
              centage> of the total.

       -cache-seek-min <percentage>
              If a seek is to be made to a position within <percentage> of the
              cache size from the current position, MPlayer will wait for  the
              cache  to  be  filled  to this position rather than performing a
              stream seek (default: 50).

       -cdda <option1:option2> (CDDA only)
              This option can be used to tune the CD Audio reading feature  of
              MPlayer.

              Available options are:

                 speed=<value>
                      Set CD spin speed.

                 paranoia=<0-2>
                      Set  paranoia  level.  Values other than 0 seem to break
                      playback of anything but the first track.
                         0: disable checking (default)
                         1: overlap checking only
                         2: full data correction and verification

                 generic-dev=<value>
                      Use specified generic SCSI device.

                 sector-size=<value>
                      Set atomic read size.

                 overlap=<value>
                      Force minimum  overlap  search  during  verification  to
                      <value> sectors.

                 toc-bias
                      Assume  that the beginning offset of track 1 as reported
                      in the TOC will be addressed as  LBA  0.   Some  Toshiba
                      drives need this for getting track boundaries correct.

                 toc-offset=<value>
                      Add <value> sectors to the values reported when address‐
                      ing tracks.  May be negative.

                 (no)skip
                      (Never) accept imperfect data reconstruction.

              round) and audio output drivers (OSS at least).

              Available options are:

                 2    stereo
                 4    surround
                 6    full 5.1

       -chapter <chapter ID>[-<endchapter ID>] (DVD only)
              Specify  which  chapter to start playing at.  Optionally specify
              which chapter to end playing at (default: 1).

       -cookies (network only)
              Send cookies when making HTTP requests.

       -cookies-file <filename> (network only)
              Read HTTP cookies  from  <filename>  (default:  ~/.mozilla/  and
              ~/.netscape/) and skip reading from default locations.  The file
              is assumed to be in Netscape format.

       -delay <sec>
              audio delay in seconds (positive or negative float value)
              NOTE: When used with MEncoder, this is not  guaranteed  to  work
              correctly with -ovc copy; use -audio-delay instead.

       -ignore-start
              Ignore the specified starting time for streams in AVI files.  In
              MPlayer, this nullifies stream delays in files encoded with  the
              -audio-delay option.  During encoding, this option prevents MEn‐
              coder from transferring original stream start times to  the  new
              file;  the  -audio-delay option is not affected.  Note that MEn‐
              coder sometimes adjusts stream starting times  automatically  to
              compensate  for  anticipated  decoding delays, so don’t use this
              option for encoding without testing it first.

       -demuxer <[+]name>
              Force demuxer type.  Use a ’+’ before the name to force it, this
              will skip some checks!  Give the demuxer name as printed by -de‐
              muxer help.  For backward compatibility it also accepts the  de‐
              muxer  ID as defined in libmpdemux/demuxer.h.  -demuxer audio or
              -demuxer 17 forces MP3.

       -dumpaudio (MPlayer only)
              Dumps raw compressed audio stream to ./stream.dump (useful  with
              MPEG/AC3).  If you give more than one of -dumpaudio, -dumpvideo,
              -dumpstream on the command line only the last one will work.

       -dumpfile <filename> (MPlayer only)
              Specify which file MPlayer should dump to.  Should be  used  to‐
              gether with -dumpaudio / -dumpvideo / -dumpstream.

       -dumpstream (MPlayer only)
                 card=<1-4>
                      Specifies using card number 1-4 (default: 1).
                 file=<filename>
                      Instructs  MPlayer to read the channels list from <file‐
                      name>.         Default        is        ~/.mplayer/chan‐
                      nels.conf.{sat,ter,cbl,atsc}  (based  on your card type)
                      or ~/.mplayer/channels.conf as a last resort.
                 timeout=<1-30>
                      Maximum number of seconds to wait when trying to tune  a
                      frequency before giving up (default: 30).

       -dvd-device <path to device> (DVD only)
              Specify the DVD device (default: /dev/dvd).  You can also speci‐
              fy a directory that contains files  previously  copied  directly
              from  a DVD (with e.g. vobcopy).  Note that using -dumpstream is
              usually a better way to copy DVD titles in the first place  (see
              the examples).

       -dvdangle <angle ID> (DVD only)
              Some  DVD  discs contain scenes that can be viewed from multiple
              angles.  Here you can tell MPlayer which angles to use (default:
              1).

       -edl <filename>
              Enables edit decision list (EDL) actions during playback.  Video
              will be skipped over and audio will be muted and unmuted accord‐
              ing  to  the entries in the given file.  See http://www.mplayer‐
              hq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/edl.html for details on how to use this.

       -endpos <[[hh:]mm:]ss[.ms]|size[b|kb|mb]> (also see -ss and -sb)
              Stop at given time or byte position.
              NOTE: Byte position is enabled only for MEncoder and will not be
              accurate, as it can only stop at a frame boundary.  When used in
              conjunction with -ss option, -endpos time will shift forward  by
              seconds specified with -ss.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -endpos 56
                      Stop at 56 seconds.
                 -endpos 01:10:00
                      Stop at 1 hour 10 minutes.
                 -ss 10 -endpos 56
                      Stop at 1 minute 6 seconds.
                 -endpos 100mb
                      Encode only 100 MB.

       -forceidx
              Force index rebuilding.  Useful for files with broken index (A/V
              desync, etc).  This will enable seeking in files  where  seeking
              was  not  possible.  You can fix the index permanently with MEn‐
              coder (see the documentation).
              NOTE: This option only works if the  underlying  media  supports

       -idx (also see -forceidx)
              Rebuilds index of files if no index was found, allowing seeking.
              Useful with broken/incomplete downloads, or badly created files.
              NOTE: This option only works if the  underlying  media  supports
              seeking (i.e. not with stdin, pipe, etc).

       -ipv4-only-proxy (network only)
              Skip  the  proxy  for IPv6 addresses.  It will still be used for
              IPv4 connections.

       -loadidx <index file>
              The file from which to  read  the  video  index  data  saved  by
              -saveidx.   This  index will be used for seeking, overriding any
              index data contained in the AVI itself.  MPlayer will  not  pre‐
              vent  you  from loading an index file generated from a different
              AVI, but this is sure to cause unfavorable results.
              NOTE: This option is obsolete now that MPlayer has OpenDML  sup‐
              port.

       -mc <seconds/frame>
              maximum A-V sync correction per frame (in seconds)

       -mf <option1:option2:...>
              Used when decoding from multiple PNG or JPEG files.

              Available options are:

                 w=<value>
                      input file width (default: autodetect)
                 h=<value>
                      input file height (default: autodetect)
                 fps=<value>
                      output fps (default: 25)
                 type=<value>
                      input file type (available: jpeg, png, tga, sgi)

       -ni (AVI only)
              Force  usage  of  non-interleaved  AVI parser (fixes playback of
              some bad AVI files).

       -nobps (AVI only)
              Do not use average byte/second value for A-V sync.   Helps  with
              some AVI files with broken header.

       -noextbased
              Disables  extension-based  demuxer  selection.  By default, when
              the file type (demuxer) cannot be detected  reliably  (the  file
              has no header or it is not reliable enough), the filename exten‐
              sion is used to select the demuxer.  Always falls back  on  con‐
              tent-based demuxer selection.

              card   supported  by  the  V4L2  driver.   The  Hauppauge  WinTV
              PVR-150/250/350/500 and all IVTV based cards are  known  as  PVR
              capture cards.  Be aware that only Linux 2.6.18 kernel and above
              is able to handle MPEG stream through V4L2 layer.  For  hardware
              capture of an MPEG stream and watching it with MPlayer/MEncoder,
              use ’pvr://’ as a movie URL.

              Available options are:

                 aspect=<0-3>
                      Specify input aspect ratio:
                         0: 1:1
                         1: 4:3 (default)
                         2: 16:9
                         3: 2.21:1

                 arate=<32000-48000>
                      Specify encoding audio rate (default: 48000  Hz,  avail‐
                      able: 32000, 44100 and 48000 Hz).

                 alayer=<1-3>
                      Specify MPEG audio layer encoding (default: 2).

                 abitrate=<32-448>
                      Specify audio encoding bitrate in kbps (default: 384).

                 amode=<value>
                      Specify  audio  encoding  mode.  Available preset values
                      are ’stereo’, ’joint_stereo’,  ’dual’  and  ’mono’  (de‐
                      fault: stereo).

                 vbitrate=<value>
                      Specify average video bitrate encoding in Mbps (default:
                      6).

                 vmode=<value>
                      Specify video encoding mode:
                         vbr: Variable BitRate (default)
                         cbr: Constant BitRate

                 vpeak=<value>
                      Specify peak video bitrate encoding in Mbps (only useful
                      for VBR encoding, default: 9.6).

                 fmt=<value>
                      Choose an MPEG format for encoding:
                         ps:    MPEG-2 Program Stream (default)
                         ts:    MPEG-2 Transport Stream
                         mpeg1: MPEG-1 System Stream
                         vcd:   Video CD compatible stream
                         svcd:  Super Video CD compatible stream
                         dvd:   DVD compatible stream

                      sample size in bytes
                 bitrate=<value>
                      bitrate for rawaudio files
                 format=<value>
                      fourcc in hex

       -rawvideo <option1:option2:...>
              This option lets you play raw video files.  You have to use -de‐
              muxer rawvideo as well.

              Available options are:

                 fps=<value>
                      rate in frames per second (default: 25.0)
                 sqcif|qcif|cif|4cif|pal|ntsc
                      set standard image size
                 w=<value>
                      image width in pixels
                 h=<value>
                      image height in pixels
                 i420|yv12|yuy2|y8
                      set colorspace
                 format=<value>
                      colorspace (fourcc) in hex
                 size=<value>
                      frame size in Bytes

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer foreman.qcif -demuxer rawvideo -rawvideo qcif
                      Play the famous "foreman" sample video.
                 mplayer   sample-720x576.yuv   -demuxer   rawvideo  -rawvideo
                 w=720:h=576
                      Play a raw YUV sample.

       -rtsp-port
              Used  with  ’rtsp://’  URLs  to  force the client’s port number.
              This option may be useful if you are behind a router and want to
              forward the RTSP stream from the server to a specific client.

       -rtsp-destination
              Used  with ’rtsp://’ URLs to force the destination IP address to
              be bound.  This option may be useful with some RTSP server which
              do  not send RTP packets to the right interface.  If the connec‐
              tion to the RTSP server fails, use -v to see  which  IP  address
              MPlayer  tries to bind to and try to force it to one assigned to
              your computer instead.

       -rtsp-stream-over-tcp (LIVE555 only)
              Used with ’rtsp://’ URLs to specify that the resulting  incoming
              RTP  and  RTCP  packets be streamed over TCP (using the same TCP
              connection as RTSP).  This option may be useful if  you  have  a
              broken internet connection that does not pass incoming UDP pack‐
              Not guaranteed to work correctly with -oac copy.

       -srate <Hz>
              Selects the output sample rate to be used (of course sound cards
              have  limits on this).  If the sample frequency selected is dif‐
              ferent from that of the current media, the resample  or  lavcre‐
              sample audio filter will be inserted into the audio filter layer
              to compensate for the difference.  The type of resampling can be
              controlled  by  the  -af-adv option.  The default is fast resam‐
              pling that may cause distortion.

       -ss <time> (also see -sb)
              Seek to given time position.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -ss 56
                      Seeks to 56 seconds.
                 -ss 01:10:00
                      Seeks to 1 hour 10 min.

       -tskeepbroken
              Tells MPlayer not to discard TS packets reported  as  broken  in
              the stream.  Sometimes needed to play corrupted MPEG-TS files.

       -tsprobe <byte position>
              When playing an MPEG-TS stream, this option lets you specify how
              many bytes in the stream you want MPlayer to search for the  de‐
              sired audio and video IDs.

       -tsprog <1-65534>
              When playing an MPEG-TS stream, you can specify with this option
              which program (if present) you want to play.  Can be  used  with
              -vid and -aid.

       -radio <option1:option2:...> (radio only)
              These  options  set various parameters of the radio capture mod‐
              ule.  For listening to radio with MPlayer use ’radio://<frequen‐
              cy>’ (if channels option is not given) or ’radio://<channel_num‐
              ber>’ (if channels option is given) as a movie  URL.   To  start
              the grabbing subsystem, use ’radio://<frequency or channel>/cap‐
              ture’.  If the capture keyword is not given you  can  listen  to
              radio  using the line-in cable only.  Using capture to listen is
              not recommended due to  synchronization  problems,  which  makes
              this process uncomfortable.

              Available options are:

                 device=<value>
                      Radio device to use (default: /dev/radio0).

                 driver=<value>
                      Radio  driver to use (default: v4l2 if available, other‐

                 adevice=<value>
                      Name of device to capture sound from.   Without  such  a
                      name  capture will be disabled, even if the capture key‐
                      word appears in the URL.  For ALSA devices use it in the
                      form  hw=<card>.<device>.  If the device name contains a
                      ’=’, the module will use ALSA to capture, otherwise OSS.

                 arate=<value>
                      Rate in samples per second (default: 44100).
                      NOTE:  When  using  audio  capture  set  also  -rawaudio
                      rate=<value> option with the same value  as  arate.   If
                      you  have  problems with sound speed (runs too quickly),
                      try  to  play   with   different   rate   values   (e.g.
                      48000,44100,32000,...).

                 achannels=<value>
                      Number of audio channels to capture.

       -tv <option1:option2:...> (TV/PVR only)
              This  option  tunes various properties of the TV capture module.
              For watching TV with MPlayer, use ’tv://’ or ’tv://<channel_num‐
              ber>’  or  even  ’tv://<channel_name>  (see  option channels for
              channel_name below) as a movie URL.

              Available options are:

                 noaudio
                      no sound

                 driver=<value>
                      available: dummy, v4l, v4l2, bsdbt848

                 device=<value>
                      Specify TV device (default: /dev/video0).

                 input=<value>
                      Specify input (default: 0 (TV), see console  output  for
                      available inputs).

                 freq=<value>
                      Specify   the  frequency  to  set  the  tuner  to  (e.g.
                      511.250).  Not compatible with the channels parameter.

                 outfmt=<value>
                      Specify the output format of the  tuner  with  a  preset
                      value  supported  by the V4L driver (yv12, rgb32, rgb24,
                      rgb16, rgb15, uyvy, yuy2, i420) or an  arbitrary  format
                      given  as  hex value.  Try outfmt=help for a list of all
                      available formats.

                 width=<value>
                      For v4l2, see the console  output  for  a  list  of  all
                      available norms, also see the normid option below.

                 normid=<value> (v4l2 only)
                      Sets  the  TV norm to the given numeric ID.  The TV norm
                      depends on the capture card.  See the console output for
                      a list of available TV norms.

                 channel=<value>
                      Set tuner to <value> channel.

                 chanlist=<value>
                      available: europe-east, europe-west, us-bcast, us-cable,
                      etc

                 channels=<channel>-<name>,<channel>-<name>,...
                      Set names for channels.  Use _ for spaces in  names  (or
                      play  with  quoting ;-).  The channel names will then be
                      written using OSD, and the slave commands  tv_step_chan‐
                      nel,  tv_set_channel  and tv_last_channel will be usable
                      for a remote control (see LIRC).   Not  compatible  with
                      the frequency parameter.
                      NOTE:  The  channel  number will then be the position in
                      the ’channels’ list, beginning with 1.
                      EXAMPLE:    tv://1,    tv://TV1,    tv_set_channel    1,
                      tv_set_channel TV1

                 [brightness|contrast|hue|saturation]=<-100-100>
                      Set the image equalizer on the card.

                 audiorate=<value>
                      Set audio capture bitrate.

                 forceaudio
                      Capture audio even if there are no audio sources report‐
                      ed by v4l.

                 alsa
                      Capture from ALSA.

                 amode=<0-3>
                      Choose an audio mode:
                         0: mono
                         1: stereo
                         2: language 1
                         3: language 2

                 forcechan=<1-2>
                      By default, the count of recorded audio channels is  de‐
                      termined  automatically  by querying the audio mode from
                      the TV card.  This  option  allows  forcing  stereo/mono
                      recording  regardless of the amode option and the values

                 [volume|bass|treble|balance]=<0-100> (v4l2)
                      These  options  set parameters of the mixer on the video
                      capture card.  They will have no effect,  if  your  card
                      does not have one.  For v4l2 50 maps to the default val‐
                      ue of the control, as reported by the driver.

                 immediatemode=<bool>
                      A value of 0 means capture and buffer  audio  and  video
                      together  (default for MEncoder).  A value of 1 (default
                      for MPlayer) means to do video capture only and let  the
                      audio  go  through  a loopback cable from the TV card to
                      the sound card.

                 mjpeg
                      Use hardware MJPEG compression  (if  the  card  supports
                      it).  When using this option, you do not need to specify
                      the width and  height  of  the  output  window,  because
                      MPlayer will determine it automatically from the decima‐
                      tion value (see below).

                 decimation=<1|2|4>
                      choose the size of the picture that will  be  compressed
                      by hardware MJPEG compression:
                         1: full size
                             704x576    PAL
                             704x480    NTSC
                         2: medium size
                             352x288    PAL
                             352x240    NTSC
                         4: small size
                             176x144    PAL
                             176x120    NTSC

                 quality=<0-100>
                      Choose  the quality of the JPEG compression (< 60 recom‐
                      mended for full size).

       -user <username> (also see -passwd) (network only)
              Specify username for HTTP authentication.

       -user-agent <string>
              Use <string> as user agent for HTTP streaming.

       -vid <ID>
              Select video channel (MPG: 0-15, ASF: 0-255, MPEG-TS:  17-8190).
              When  playing  an  MPEG-TS stream, MPlayer/MEncoder will use the
              first program (if present) with the chosen video stream.

       -vivo <sub-options> (DEBUG CODE)
              Force audio parameters for the VIVO demuxer (for debugging  pur‐
              poses).
              Adds a black band at the bottom of the frame.  The SSA/ASS  ren‐
              derer can place subtitles there (with -ass-use-margins).

       -ass-color <value>
              Sets  the  color for text subtitles.  The color format is RRGGB‐
              BAA.

       -ass-font-scale <value>
              Set the scale coefficient to be used for fonts  in  the  SSA/ASS
              renderer.

       -ass-force-style <[Style.]Param=Value[,...]>
              Override some style parameters.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -ass-force-style FontName=Arial,Default.Bold=1

       -ass-line-spacing <value>
              Set line spacing value for SSA/ASS renderer.

       -ass-styles <filename>
              Load all SSA/ASS styles found in the specified file and use them
              for rendering text subtitles.  The syntax of the file is exactly
              like the [V4 Styles] / [V4+ Styles] section of SSA/ASS.

       -ass-top-margin <value>
              Adds a black band at the top of the frame.  The SSA/ASS renderer
              can place toptitles there (with -ass-use-margins).

       -(no)ass-use-margins
              Enables/disables placing toptitles and subtitles in  black  bor‐
              ders when they are available (default: no).

       -dumpjacosub (MPlayer only)
              Convert  the  given subtitle (specified with the -sub option) to
              the time-based JACOsub subtitle format.   Creates  a  dumpsub.js
              file in the current directory.

       -dumpmicrodvdsub (MPlayer only)
              Convert  the  given subtitle (specified with the -sub option) to
              the MicroDVD subtitle format.  Creates a dumpsub.sub file in the
              current directory.

       -dumpmpsub (MPlayer only)
              Convert  the  given subtitle (specified with the -sub option) to
              MPlayer’s subtitle format, MPsub.  Creates a dump.mpsub file  in
              the current directory.

       -dumpsami (MPlayer only)
              Convert  the  given subtitle (specified with the -sub option) to
              the time-based SAMI subtitle format.  Creates a dumpsub.smi file
              in the current directory.

       -embeddedfonts (FreeType only)
              Enables extraction of Matroska embedded fonts.  These fonts  can
              be used for SSA/ASS subtitle rendering (-ass option).

       -ffactor <number> (OSD only)
              Resample the font alphamap.  Can be:
                 0    plain white fonts
                 0.75 very narrow black outline (default)
                 1    narrow black outline
                 10   bold black outline

       -flip-hebrew (FriBiDi only)
              Turns on flipping subtitles using FriBiDi.

       -noflip-hebrew-commas
              Change  FriBiDi’s  assumptions about the placements of commas in
              subtitles.  Use this if commas in subtitles  are  shown  at  the
              start of a sentence instead of at the end.

       -font <path to font.desc file> (OSD only)
              Search  for  the  OSD/SUB fonts in an alternative directory (de‐
              fault for normal fonts: ~/.mplayer/font/font.desc,  default  for
              FreeType fonts: ~/.mplayer/subfont.ttf).
              NOTE: With FreeType, this option determines the path to the text
              font file.  With fontconfig, this option determines the fontcon‐
              fig font name.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -font ~/.mplayer/arial-14/font.desc
                 -font ~/.mplayer/arialuni.ttf
                 -font ’Bitstream Vera Sans’

       -fontconfig (fontconfig only)
              Enables the usage of fontconfig managed fonts.

       -forcedsubsonly
              Display  only  forced  subtitles for the DVD subtitle stream se‐
              lected by e.g. -slang.

       -fribidi-charset <charset name> (FriBiDi only)
              Specifies the character set that will be passed to FriBiDi  when
              decoding non-UTF-8 subtitles (default: ISO8859-8).

       -ifo <VOBsub IFO file>
              Indicate  the  file  that will be used to load palette and frame
              size for VOBsub subtitles.

       -noautosub
              Turns off automatic subtitle file loading.

       -osd-duration <time>
       -sid <ID> (also see -slang, -vobsubid)
              Display the subtitle stream specified by <ID>  (0-31).   MPlayer
              prints the available subtitle IDs when run in verbose (-v) mode.
              If you cannot select one of the subtitles on  a  DVD,  also  try
              -vobsubid.

       -slang <language code[,language code,...]> (also see -sid)
              Specify a priority list of subtitle languages to use.  Different
              container formats employ different language codes.  DVDs use ISO
              639-1  two  letter language codes, Matroska uses ISO 639-2 three
              letter language codes while OGM  uses  a  free-form  identifier.
              MPlayer  prints the available languages when run in verbose (-v)
              mode.

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer dvd://1 -slang hu,en
                      Chooses the Hungarian subtitle track on a DVD and  falls
                      back on English if Hungarian is not available.
                 mplayer -slang jpn example.mkv
                      Plays a Matroska file with Japanese subtitles.

       -spuaa <mode> (OSD only)
              Antialiasing/scaling  mode for DVD/VOBsub.  A value of 16 may be
              added to <mode> in order to force scaling even when original and
              scaled  frame  size already match.  This can be employed to e.g.
              smooth subtitles with gaussian blur.  Available modes are:
                 0    none (fastest, very ugly)
                 1    approximate (broken?)
                 2    full (slow)
                 3    bilinear (default, fast and not too bad)
                 4    uses swscaler gaussian blur (looks very good)

       -spualign <-1-2> (OSD only)
              Specify how SPU (DVD/VOBsub) subtitles should be aligned.
                 -1   original position
                  0   Align at top (original behavior, default).
                  1   Align at center.
                  2   Align at bottom.

       -spugauss <0.0-3.0> (OSD only)
              Variance parameter of gaussian used by -spuaa 4.   Higher  means
              more blur (default: 1.0).

       -sub <subtitlefile1,subtitlefile2,...>
              Use/display  these  subtitle  files.   Only one file can be dis‐
              played at the same time.

       -sub-bg-alpha <0-255>
              Specify the alpha channel value  for  subtitles  and  OSD  back‐
              grounds.  Big values mean more transparency.  0 means completely
              transparent.

                 0    exact match
                 1    Load all subs containing movie name.
                 2    Load all subs in the current directory.

       -sub-no-text-pp
              Disables any kind of text post processing done after loading the
              subtitles.  Used for debug purposes.

       -subalign <0-2> (OSD only)
              Specify  which  edge  of  the subtitles should be aligned at the
              height given by -subpos.
                 0    Align subtitle top edge (original behavior).
                 1    Align subtitle center.
                 2    Align subtitle bottom edge (default).

       -subcc
              Display DVD Closed Caption (CC) subtitles.  These  are  not  the
              VOB subtitles, these are special ASCII subtitles for the hearing
              impaired encoded in the VOB userdata stream  on  most  region  1
              DVDs.  CC subtitles have not been spotted on DVDs from other re‐
              gions so far.

       -subcp <codepage> (iconv only)
              If your system supports iconv(3), you can  use  this  option  to
              specify the subtitle codepage.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -subcp latin2
                 -subcp cp1250

       -subcp enca:<language>:<fallback codepage> (ENCA only)
              You  can  specify your language using a two letter language code
              to make ENCA detect the codepage automatically.  If unsure,  en‐
              ter  anything  and  watch  mplayer  -v output for available lan‐
              guages.  Fallback codepage specifies the codepage to  use,  when
              autodetection fails.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -subcp enca:cs:latin2
                      Guess  the  encoding,  assuming the subtitles are Czech,
                      fall back on latin 2, if the detection fails.
                 -subcp enca:pl:cp1250
                      Guess the encoding for Polish, fall back on cp1250.

       -subdelay <sec>
              Delays subtitles by <sec> seconds.  Can be negative.

       -subfile <filename> (BETA CODE)
              Currently useless.  Same as -audiofile, but for subtitle streams
              (OggDS?).

       -subfont-autoscale <0-3> (FreeType only)
       -subfont-encoding <value> (FreeType only)
              Sets the font encoding.  When set to ’unicode’, all  the  glyphs
              from  the  font  file  will be rendered and unicode will be used
              (default: unicode).

       -subfont-osd-scale <0-100> (FreeType only)
              Sets the autoscale coefficient of the OSD elements (default: 6).

       -subfont-outline <0-8> (FreeType only)
              Sets the font outline thickness (default: 2).

       -subfont-text-scale <0-100> (FreeType only)
              Sets  the  subtitle  text autoscale coefficient as percentage of
              the screen size (default: 5).

       -subfps <rate>
              Specify the framerate of the subtitle file (default: movie fps).
              NOTE: Only for frame-based subtitle files, i.e. MicroDVD format.

       -subpos <0-100> (useful with -vf expand) (OSD only)
              Specify the position of subtitles on the screen.  The  value  is
              the vertical position of the subtitle in % of the screen height.

       -subwidth <10-100> (OSD only)
              Specify the maximum width of subtitles on  the  screen.   Useful
              for  TV-out.  The value is the width of the subtitle in % of the
              screen width.

       -noterm-osd
              Disable the display of OSD messages on the console when no video
              output is available.

       -term-osd-esc <escape sequence>
              Specify the escape sequence to use before writing an OSD message
              on the console.  The escape sequence should move the pointer  to
              the  beginning  of  the  line used for the OSD and clear it (de‐
              fault: ^[[A\r^[[K).

       -unicode
              Tells MPlayer to handle the subtitle file as unicode.

       -utf8
              Tells MPlayer to handle the subtitle file as UTF-8.

       -vobsub <VOBsub file without extension>
              Specify a VOBsub file to use for subtitles.  Has to be the  full
              pathname  without  extension, i.e. without the ’.idx’, ’.ifo’ or
              ’.sub’.

       -vobsubid <0-31>
              Specify the VOBsub subtitle ID.

              This  option  will  tell  MPlayer to use a different channel for
              controlling volume than the default PCM.  Options  for  OSS  in‐
              clude  vol,  pcm, line.  For a complete list of options look for
              SOUND_DEVICE_NAMES in /usr/include/linux/soundcard.h.  For  ALSA
              you  can  use  the  names  e.g. alsamixer displays, like Master,
              Line, PCM.
              NOTE: ALSA mixer channel names followed  by  a  number  must  be
              specified  in  the  <name,number> format, i.e. a channel labeled
              ’PCM 1’ in alsamixer must be converted to PCM,1.

       -softvol
              Force the use of the software mixer, instead of using the  sound
              card mixer.

       -softvol-max <10.0-10000.0>
              Set  the  maximum amplification level in percent (default: 110).
              A value of 200 will allow you to adjust the volume up to a maxi‐
              mum of double the current level.  With values below 100 the ini‐
              tial volume (which is 100%) will be  above  the  maximum,  which
              e.g. the OSD cannot display correctly.

       -volstep <0-100>
              Set  the  step  size  of  mixer volume changes in percent of the
              whole range (default: 3).

AUDIO OUTPUT DRIVERS (MPLAYER ONLY)
       Audio output drivers are interfaces to different audio  output  facili‐
       ties.  The syntax is:

       -ao <driver1[:suboption1[=value]:...],driver2,...[,]>
              Specify a priority list of audio output drivers to be used.

       If  the  list  has a trailing ’,’ MPlayer will fall back on drivers not
       contained in the list.  Suboptions are optional and can mostly be omit‐
       ted.
       NOTE: See -ao help for a list of compiled-in audio output drivers.

       EXAMPLE:
                 -ao alsa,oss,
                      Try the ALSA driver, then the OSS driver, then others.
                 -ao alsa:noblock:device=hw=0.3
                      Sets  noblock-mode  and  the  device-name as first card,
                      fourth device.

       Available audio output drivers are:

       alsa
              ALSA 0.9/1.x audio output driver
                 noblock
                      Sets noblock-mode.
                 device=<device>
                      Sets the device name.  Replace any ’,’ with ’.’ and  any
                      Sets the audio mixer channel (default: pcm).

       sdl (SDL only)
              highly  platform  independent SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer) li‐
              brary audio output driver
                 <driver>
                      Explicitly choose the SDL audio driver to use  (default:
                      let SDL choose).

       arts
              audio output through the aRts daemon

       esd
              audio output through the ESD daemon
                 <server>
                      Explicitly choose the ESD server to use (default: local‐
                      host).

       jack
              audio output through JACK (Jack Audio Connection Kit)
                 port=<name>
                      Connects to the ports  with  the  given  name  (default:
                      physical ports).
                 name=<client
                      Client  name  that  is  passed to JACK (default: MPlayer
                      [<PID>]).  Useful if you want to  have  certain  connec‐
                      tions established automatically.
                 (no)estimate
                      Estimate  the  audio  delay,  supposed to make the video
                      playback smoother (default: enabled).

       nas
              audio output through NAS

       macosx (Mac OS X only)
              native Mac OS X audio output driver

       sgi (SGI only)
              native SGI audio output driver
                 <output device name>
                      Explicitly choose the  output  device/interface  to  use
                      (default:  system-wide  default).   For example, ’Analog
                      Out’ or ’Digital Out’.

       sun (Sun only)
              native Sun audio output driver
                 <device>
                      Explicitly choose the  audio  device  to  use  (default:
                      /dev/audio).

       win32 (Windows only)
              native Windows waveout audio output driver

       mpegpes (DVB only)
              Audio  output  driver for DVB cards that writes the output to an
              MPEG-PES file if no DVB card is installed.
                 card=<1-4>
                      DVB card to use if more than one card is present.
                 file=<filename>
                      output filename

       null
              Produces no audio output but  maintains  video  playback  speed.
              Use -nosound for benchmarking.

       pcm
              raw PCM/wave file writer audio output
                 (no)waveheader
                      Include  or do not include the wave header (default: in‐
                      cluded).  When not included, raw PCM will be  generated.
                 file=<filename>
                      Write the sound to <filename> instead of the default au‐
                      diodump.wav.  If nowaveheader is specified, the  default
                      is audiodump.pcm.
                 fast
                      Try  to dump faster than realtime.  Make sure the output
                      does not get truncated (usually  with  "Too  many  video
                      packets  in buffer" message).  It is normal that you get
                      a "Your system is too SLOW to play this!" message.

       plugin
              plugin audio output driver

VIDEO OUTPUT OPTIONS (MPLAYER ONLY)
       -adapter <value>
              Set the graphics card that will receive the image.  You can  get
              a  list  of  available  cards  when you run this option with -v.
              Currently only works with the directx video output driver.

       -bpp <depth>
              Override the autodetected color depth.  Only  supported  by  the
              fbdev, dga, svga, vesa video output drivers.

       -border
              Play movie with window border and decorations.  Since this is on
              by default, use -noborder to disable the standard window decora‐
              tions.  Supported by the directx video output driver.

       -brightness <-100-100>
              Adjust  the  brightness  of  the video signal (default: 0).  Not
              supported by all video output drivers.

       -contrast <-100-100>
              Adjust the contrast of the video signal (default: 0).  Not  sup‐
              ported by all video output drivers.
              This option is used to control the dxr2 video output driver.

                 ar-mode=<value>
                      aspect  ratio  mode  (0  = normal, 1 = pan-and-scan, 2 =
                      letterbox (default))

                 iec958-encoded
                      Set iec958 output mode to encoded.

                 iec958-decoded
                      Set iec958 output mode to decoded (default).

                 macrovision=<value>
                      macrovision mode (0 = off (default), 1 = agc, 2 = agc  2
                      colorstripe, 3 = agc 4 colorstripe)

                 mute
                      mute sound output

                 unmute
                      unmute sound output

                 ucode=<value>
                      path to the microcode

              TV output

                 75ire
                      enable 7.5 IRE output mode

                 no75ire
                      disable 7.5 IRE output mode (default)

                 bw
                      b/w TV output

                 color
                      color TV output (default)

                 interlaced
                      interlaced TV output (default)

                 nointerlaced
                      disable interlaced TV output

                 norm=<value>
                      TV norm (ntsc (default), pal, pal60, palm, paln, palnc)

                 square-pixel
                      set pixel mode to square

                 ccir601-pixel
                      Set the bottom cropping value (default: 0).

                 ck-[r|g|b]=<0-255>
                      Set  the  r(ed),  g(reen)  or b(lue) gain of the overlay
                      color-key.

                 ck-[r|g|b]min=<0-255>
                      minimum value for the respective color key

                 ck-[r|g|b]max=<0-255>
                      maximum value for the respective color key

                 ignore-cache
                      Ignore cached overlay settings.

                 update-cache
                      Update cached overlay settings.

                 ol-osd
                      Enable overlay onscreen display.

                 nool-osd
                      Disable overlay onscreen display (default).

                 ol[h|w|x|y]-cor=<-20-20>
                      Adjust the overlay size (h,w) and position (x,y) in case
                      it does not match the window perfectly (default: 0).

                 overlay
                      Activate overlay (default).

                 nooverlay
                      Activate TVout.

                 overlay-ratio=<1-2500>
                      Tune the overlay (default: 1000).

       -fbmode <modename> (-vo fbdev only)
              Change  video  mode  to the one that is labeled as <modename> in
              /etc/fb.modes.
              NOTE: VESA framebuffer does not support mode changing.

       -fbmodeconfig <filename> (-vo fbdev only)
              Override framebuffer mode  configuration  file  (default:  /etc/
              fb.modes).

       -fs (also see -zoom)
              Fullscreen  playback  (centers  movie,  and  paints  black bands
              around it).  Not supported by all video output drivers.

       -fsmode-dontuse <0-31> (OBSOLETE, use the -fs option)
              Try this option if you still experience fullscreen problems.
                 fullscreen
                      Use the _NETWM_STATE_FULLSCREEN hint if available.
                 layer
                      Use the _WIN_LAYER hint with the default layer.
                 layer=<0...15>
                      Use the _WIN_LAYER hint with the given layer number.
                 netwm
                      Force NETWM style.
                 none
                      Do not set fullscreen window layer.
                 stays_on_top
                      Use _NETWM_STATE_STAYS_ON_TOP hint if available.

              EXAMPLE:
                 layer,stays_on_top,above,fullscreen
                      Default  order,  will be used as a fallback if incorrect
                      or unsupported modes are specified.
                 -fullscreen
                      Fixes fullscreen switching on OpenBox 1.x.

       -geometry x[%][:y[%]] or [WxH][+x+y]
              Adjust where the output is on the screen initially.  The x and y
              specifications  are  in pixels measured from the top-left of the
              screen to the top-left of the image being displayed, however  if
              a percentage sign is given after the argument it turns the value
              into a percentage of the screen size in that direction.  It also
              supports the standard X11 -geometry option format.  If an exter‐
              nal window is specified using the -wid option, then the x and  y
              coordinates  are  relative  to the top-left corner of the window
              rather than the screen.
              NOTE: This option is only supported by the x11, xmga, xv,  xvmc,
              xvidix, gl, gl2, directx and tdfxfb video output drivers.

              EXAMPLE:
                 50:40
                      Places the window at x=50, y=40.
                 50%:50%
                      Places the window in the middle of the screen.
                 100%
                      Places the window at the middle of the right edge of the
                      screen.
                 100%:100%
                      Places the window at the  bottom  right  corner  of  the
                      screen.

       -guiwid <window ID> (also see -wid) (GUI only)
              This tells the GUI to also use an X11 window and stick itself to
              the bottom of the video, which is useful to embed a mini-GUI  in
              a browser (with the MPlayer plugin for instance).

       -hue <-100-100>
              Adjust  the hue of the video signal (default: 0).  You can get a

              EXAMPLE:
                 -monitoraspect 4:3  or 1.3333
                 -monitoraspect 16:9 or 1.7777

       -monitorpixelaspect <ratio> (also see -aspect)
              Set  the  aspect  of a single pixel of your monitor or TV screen
              (default: disabled).  Overrides the -monitoraspect  setting.   A
              value  of  0 disables, a value of 1 means square pixels (correct
              for (almost?) all LCDs).

       -nodouble
              Disables double buffering, mostly for debugging purposes.   Dou‐
              ble buffering fixes flicker by storing two frames in memory, and
              displaying one while decoding another.  It can affect OSD  nega‐
              tively, but often removes OSD flickering.

       -nograbpointer
              Do  not  grab the mouse pointer after a video mode change (-vm).
              Useful for multihead setups.

       -nokeepaspect
              Do not keep window aspect ratio  when  resizing  windows.   Only
              works  with  the  x11,  xv,  xmga,  xvidix, directx video output
              drivers.  Furthermore under X11 your window manager has to honor
              window aspect hints.

       -ontop
              Makes the player window stay on top of other windows.  Supported
              by video output drivers which use X11, except SDL,  as  well  as
              directx, macosx, quartz, ggi and gl2.

       -panscan <0.0-1.0>
              Enables pan-and-scan functionality (cropping the sides of e.g. a
              16:9 movie to make it fit a 4:3 display  without  black  bands).
              The range controls how much of the image is cropped.  Only works
              with the xv, xmga, mga, gl, gl2, quartz, macosx and xvidix video
              output drivers.

       -panscanrange <-19.0-99.0> (experimental)
              Change the range of the pan-and-scan functionality (default: 1).
              Positive values mean multiples of the default  range.   Negative
              numbers  mean you can zoom in up to a factor of -panscanrange+1.
              E.g. -panscanrange -3 allows a zoom factor of  up  to  4.   This
              feature  is experimental.  Do not report bugs unless you are us‐
              ing -vo gl.

       -refreshrate <Hz>
              Set the monitor refreshrate in Hz.  Currently only supported  by
              -vo directx combined with the -vm option.

       -rootwin

       -screenw <pixels>
              Specify  the  horizontal  screen  resolution  for  video  output
              drivers  which do not know the screen resolution like fbdev, x11
              and TVout.

       -stop-xscreensaver (X11 only)
              Turns off xscreensaver at startup and turns it on again on exit.

       -vm
              Try  to change to a different video mode.  Supported by the dga,
              x11, xv, sdl and directx video output drivers.  If used with the
              directx  video  output  driver  the -screenw, -screenh, -bpp and
              -refreshrate options can be used to set the new display mode.

       -vsync
              Enables VBI for the vesa, dfbmga and svga video output  drivers.

       -wid <window ID> (also see -guiwid) (X11, OpenGL and DirectX only)
              This  tells  MPlayer to attach to an existing window.  Useful to
              embed MPlayer in a browser (e.g. the plugger extension).

       -xineramascreen <-2-...> (X11 only)
              In Xinerama configurations (i.e. a  single  desktop  that  spans
              across multiple displays) this option tells MPlayer which screen
              to display the movie on.  A value of -2 means fullscreen  across
              the  whole  virtual  display, -1 means fullscreen on the display
              the window currently is on.  The initial position  set  via  the
              -geometry option is relative to the specified screen.  Will usu‐
              ally only work with "-fstype -fullscreen" or "-fstype none".

       -zrbw (-vo zr only)
              Display in black and white.  For optimal performance,  this  can
              be combined with ’-lavdopts gray’.

       -zrcrop <[width]x[height]+[x offset]+[y offset]> (-vo zr only)
              Select  a  part  of  the input image to display, multiple occur‐
              rences of this option switch on cinerama mode.  In cinerama mode
              the  movie  is  distributed over more than one TV (or beamer) to
              create a larger image.  Options appearing after the n-th -zrcrop
              apply  to  the n-th MJPEG card, each card should at least have a
              -zrdev in addition to the -zrcrop.  For examples, see the output
              of -zrhelp and the Zr section of the documentation.

       -zrdev <device> (-vo zr only)
              Specify the device special file that belongs to your MJPEG card,
              by default the zr video output driver takes the first v4l device
              it can find.

       -zrfd (-vo zr only)
              Force  decimation:  Decimation,  as  specified  by  -zrhdec  and
              -zrvdec, only happens if the hardware scaler can stretch the im‐

       -zrquality <1-20> (-vo zr only)
              A number from 1 (best) to 20 (worst) representing the  JPEG  en‐
              coding quality.

       -zrvdec <1|2|4> (-vo zr only)
              Vertical  decimation:  Ask  the driver to send only every 2nd or
              4th line/pixel of the input image to the MJPEG card and use  the
              scaler  of  the  MJPEG card to stretch the image to its original
              size.

       -zrxdoff <x display offset> (-vo zr only)
              If the movie is smaller than the TV screen, this  option  speci‐
              fies  the  x  offset from the upper-left corner of the TV screen
              (default: centered).

       -zrydoff <y display offset> (-vo zr only)
              If the movie is smaller than the TV screen, this  option  speci‐
              fies  the  y  offset from the upper-left corner of the TV screen
              (default: centered).

VIDEO OUTPUT DRIVERS (MPLAYER ONLY)
       Video output drivers are interfaces to different video  output  facili‐
       ties.  The syntax is:

       -vo <driver1[:suboption1[=value]:...],driver2,...[,]>
              Specify a priority list of video output drivers to be used.

       If  the  list  has a trailing ’,’ MPlayer will fall back on drivers not
       contained in the list.  Suboptions are optional and can mostly be omit‐
       ted.
       NOTE: See -vo help for a list of compiled-in video output drivers.

       EXAMPLE:
                 -vo xmga,xv,
                      Try the Matrox X11 driver, then the Xv driver, then oth‐
                      ers.
                 -vo directx:noaccel
                      Uses  the  DirectX  driver  with  acceleration  features
                      turned off.

       Available video output drivers are:

       xv (X11 only)
              Uses  the XVideo extension of XFree86 4.x to enable hardware ac‐
              celerated playback.  If you cannot use a hardware specific driv‐
              er,  this  is  probably  the best option.  For information about
              what colorkey is used and how it is drawn run  MPlayer  with  -v
              option and look out for the lines tagged with [xv common] at the
              beginning.
                 port=<number>
                      Select a specific XVideo port.

       x11 (X11 only)
              Shared  memory video output driver without hardware acceleration
              that works whenever X11 is present.

       xover (X11 only)
              Adds X11 support to all  overlay  based  video  output  drivers.
              Currently only supported by tdfx_vid.
                 <vo_driver>
                      Select  the driver to use as source to overlay on top of
                      X11.

       xvmc (X11 with -vc ffmpeg12mc only)
              Video output driver that uses the XvMC (X Video Motion Compensa‐
              tion) extension of XFree86 4.x to speed up MPEG-1/2 and VCR2 de‐
              coding.
                 port=<number>
                      Select a specific XVideo port.
                 (no)benchmark
                      Disables image display.  Necessary for proper benchmark‐
                      ing  of drivers that change image buffers on monitor re‐
                      trace only (nVidia).  Default is not  to  disable  image
                      display (nobenchmark).
                 (no)bobdeint
                      Very  simple  deinterlacer.   Might not look better than
                      -vf tfields=1, but it is the only deinterlacer for  xvmc
                      (default: nobobdeint).
                 (no)queue
                      Queue  frames for display to allow more parallel work of
                      the video hardware.  May add a  small  (not  noticeable)
                      constant A/V desync (default: noqueue).
                 (no)sleep
                      Use sleep function while waiting for rendering to finish
                      (not recommended on Linux) (default: nosleep).
                 ck=cur|use|set
                      Same as -vo xv:ck (see -vo xv).
                 ck-method=man|bg|auto
                      Same as -vo xv:ck-method (see -vo xv).

       dga (X11 only)
              Play video through the XFree86 Direct Graphics Access extension.
              Considered obsolete.

       sdl (SDL only)
              Highly  platform  independent SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer) li‐
              brary video output driver.  Since SDL uses its  own  X11  layer,
              MPlayer X11 options do not have any effect on SDL.
                 driver=<driver>
                      Explicitly choose the SDL driver to use.
                 (no)forcexv
                      Use XVideo through the sdl video output driver (default:
                      forcexv).

       xvidix (X11 only)
              X11 frontend for VIDIX
                 <subdevice>
                      same as vidix

       cvidix
              Generic and platform independent VIDIX frontend, can even run in
              a text console with nVidia cards.
                 <subdevice>
                      same as vidix

       winvidix (Windows only)
              Windows frontend for VIDIX
                 <subdevice>
                      same as vidix

       directx (Windows only)
              Video output driver that uses the DirectX interface.
                 noaccel
                      Turns off hardware acceleration.  Try this option if you
                      have display problems.

       quartz (Mac OS X only)
              Mac OS X Quartz video output driver.  Under some  circumstances,
              it  might be more efficient to force a packed YUV output format,
              with e.g. -vf format=yuy2.
                 device_id=<number>
                      Choose the display device to use in fullscreen.
                 fs_res=<width>:<height>
                      Specify the fullscreen resolution (useful on  slow  sys‐
                      tems).

       macosx (Mac OS X 10.4 or 10.3.9 with QuickTime 7)
              Mac OS X CoreVideo video output driver
                 device_id=<number>
                      Choose the display device to use in fullscreen.

       fbdev (Linux only)
              Uses the kernel framebuffer to play video.
                 <device>
                      Explicitly  choose  the  fbdev  device name to use (e.g.
                      /dev/fb0) or the name of the VIDIX subdevice if the  de‐
                      vice  name  starts with ’vidix’ (e.g. ’vidixsis_vid’ for
                      the sis driver).

       fbdev2 (Linux only)
              Uses the kernel framebuffer to play video, alternative implemen‐
              tation.
                 <device>
                      Explicitly choose the fbdev device name to use (default:
                      /dev/fb0).

                      Activate the Linux Video Overlay on top of VESA mode.

       svga
              Play video using the SVGA library.
                 <video mode>
                      Specify  video  mode to use.  The mode can be given in a
                      <width>x<height>x<colors> format, e.g. 640x480x16M or be
                      a graphics mode number, e.g. 84.
                 bbosd
                      Draw OSD into black bands below the movie (slower).
                 native
                      Use  only  native drawing functions.  This avoids direct
                      rendering, OSD and hardware acceleration.
                 retrace
                      Force frame switch on  vertical  retrace.   Usable  only
                      with  -double.  It has the same effect as the -vsync op‐
                      tion.
                 sq
                      Try to select a video mode with square pixels.
                 vidix
                      Use svga with VIDIX.

       gl
              OpenGL video output driver, simple version.  Video size must  be
              smaller than the maximum texture size of your OpenGL implementa‐
              tion.  Intended to work even with the most basic  OpenGL  imple‐
              mentations,  but also makes use of newer extensions, which allow
              support for more colorspaces and direct rendering.   Please  use
              -dr if it works with your OpenGL implementation, since for high‐
              er resolutions this provides a big speedup.  The  code  performs
              very  few  checks,  so if a feature does not work, this might be
              because it is not supported by your  card/OpenGL  implementation
              even if you do not get any error message.  Use glxinfo or a sim‐
              ilar tool to display the supported OpenGL extensions.
                 (no)manyfmts
                      Enables support for more (RGB  and  BGR)  color  formats
                      (default: enabled).  Needs OpenGL version >= 1.2.
                 slice-height=<0-...>
                      Number of lines copied to texture in one piece (default:
                      4).  0 for whole image.
                      NOTE: If YUV colorspace is  used  (see  yuv  suboption),
                      special rules apply:
                         If  the decoder uses slice rendering (see -noslices),
                         this setting has no effect, the size of the slices as
                         provided by the decoder is used.
                         If  the decoder does not use slice rendering, the de‐
                         fault is 16.
                 (no)osd
                      Enable or disable support for OSD rendering  via  OpenGL
                      (default: enabled).  This option is for testing; to dis‐
                      able the OSD use -osdlevel 0 instead.
                 (no)scaled-osd
                      RAM, but often is slower (default: 0).
                         0: Use power-of-two textures (default).
                         1: Use the GL_ARB_texture_rectangle extension.
                         2: Use the GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two extension.
                         In some cases only supported  in  software  and  thus
                         very slow.
                 (no)glfinish
                      Call  glFinish() before swapping buffers.  Slower but in
                      some cases more correct output (default: disabled).
                 swapinterval=<n>
                      Minimum interval between two buffer  swaps,  counted  in
                      displayed  frames  (default: 1).  1 is equivalent to en‐
                      abling VSYNC, 0 to disabling VSYNC.  Values below 0 will
                      leave it at the system default.  This limits the framer‐
                      ate  to  (horizontal  refresh  rate  /   n).    Requires
                      GLX_SGI_swap_control   support   to   work.   With  some
                      (most/all?)   implementations   this   only   works   in
                      fullscreen mode.
                 yuv=<n>
                      Select the type of YUV to RGB conversion.
                         0:  Use  software  conversion  (default).  Compatible
                         with all OpenGL versions.  Provides brightness,  con‐
                         trast and saturation control.
                         1:  Use register combiners.  This uses an nVidia-spe‐
                         cific extension (GL_NV_register_combiners).  At least
                         three  texture units are needed.  Provides saturation
                         and hue control.  This method is fast but inexact.
                         2: Use a fragment program.   Needs  the  GL_ARB_frag‐
                         ment_program  extension  and  at  least three texture
                         units.  Provides brightness, contrast, saturation and
                         hue control.
                         3:  Use a fragment program using the POW instruction.
                         Needs the GL_ARB_fragment_program  extension  and  at
                         least three texture units.  Provides brightness, con‐
                         trast, saturation, hue and gamma control.  Gamma  can
                         also  be  set  independently for red, green and blue.
                         Method 4 is usually faster.
                         4: Use a fragment  program  with  additional  lookup.
                         Needs  the  GL_ARB_fragment_program  extension and at
                         least four texture units.  Provides brightness,  con‐
                         trast,  saturation, hue and gamma control.  Gamma can
                         also be set independently for red, green and blue.
                         5: Use ATI-specific method (for older  cards).   This
                         uses an ATI-specific extension (GL_ATI_fragment_shad‐
                         er - not GL_ARB_fragment_shader!).   At  least  three
                         texture  units  are  needed.  Provides saturation and
                         hue control.  This method is fast but inexact.
                         6: Use a 3D texture  to  do  conversion  via  lookup.
                         Needs  the  GL_ARB_fragment_program  extension and at
                         least four texture units.  Extremely  slow  (software
                         emulation)  on  some (all?) ATI cards since it uses a
                         texture with  border  pixels.   Provides  brightness,

                      ing.  For details see lscale.
                 customprog=<filename>
                      Load  a  custom  fragment  program from <filename>.  See
                      TOOLS/edgedect.fp for an example.
                 customtex=<filename>
                      Load a custom  "gamma  ramp"  texture  from  <filename>.
                      This  can  be used in combination with yuv=4 or with the
                      customprog option.
                 (no)customtlin
                      If enabled (default) use GL_LINEAR interpolation, other‐
                      wise use GL_NEAREST for customtex texture.
                 (no)customtrect
                      If enabled, use texture_rectangle for customtex texture.
                      Default is disabled.

       gl2
              OpenGL video output driver, second generation.  Supports OSD and
              videos larger than the maximum texture size.
                 (no)glfinish
                      same as gl (default: enabled)
                 yuv=<n>
                      Select  the  type  of  YUV to RGB conversion.  If set to
                      anything except 0 OSD will be disabled  and  brightness,
                      contrast  and  gamma  setting  is only available via the
                      global X server settings.  Apart from  this  the  values
                      have the same meaning as for -vo gl.

       null
              Produces no video output.  Useful for benchmarking.

       aa
              ASCII art video output driver that works on a text console.

       caca
              Color  ASCII  art  video output driver that works on a text con‐
              sole.

       bl
              Video playback using the Blinkenlights UDP protocol.  This driv‐
              er is highly hardware specific.
                 <subdevice>
                      Explicitly  choose the Blinkenlights subdevice driver to
                      use.  It is something like arcade:host=localhost:2323 or
                      hdl:file=name1,file=name2.   You  must  specify a subde‐
                      vice.

       ggi
              GGI graphics system video output driver
                 <driver>
                      Explicitly choose the GGI driver to  use.   Replace  any
                      ’,’ that would appear in the driver string by a ’.’.

                      bottom = bottom fields first.  This option does not have
                      any  effect  on progressive film material like most MPEG
                      movies are.  You need to enable this option if you  have
                      tearing  issues  or unsmooth motions watching interlaced
                      film material.
                 layer=N
                      Will force layer with ID N for playback (default:  -1  -
                      auto).
                 dfbopts=<list>
                      Specify a parameter list for DirectFB.

       dfbmga
              Matrox G400/G450/G550 specific video output driver that uses the
              DirectFB library to make use of special hardware features.   En‐
              ables CRTC2 (second head), displaying video independently of the
              first head.
                 (no)input
                      same as directfb (default: disabled)
                 buffermode=single|double|triple
                      same as directfb (default: triple)
                 fieldparity=top|bottom
                      same as directfb
                 (no)bes
                      Enable the use of the Matrox BES (backend  scaler)  (de‐
                      fault:  disabled).   Gives  very good results concerning
                      speed and output quality as  interpolated  picture  pro‐
                      cessing  is done in hardware.  Works only on the primary
                      head.
                 (no)spic
                      Make use of the Matrox sub picture layer to display  the
                      OSD (default: enabled).
                 (no)crtc2
                      Turn  on  TV-out  on the second head (default: enabled).
                      The output quality is amazing as it is a full interlaced
                      picture with proper sync to every odd/even field.
                 tvnorm=pal|ntsc|auto
                      Will set the TV norm of the Matrox card without the need
                      for  modifying  /etc/directfbrc   (default:   disabled).
                      Valid norms are pal = PAL, ntsc = NTSC.  Special norm is
                      auto (auto-adjust using  PAL/NTSC)  because  it  decides
                      which  norm  to  use  by looking at the framerate of the
                      movie.

       mga (Linux only)
              Matrox specific video output driver that makes use  of  the  YUV
              back  end  scaler on Gxxx cards through a kernel module.  If you
              have a Matrox card, this is the fastest option.
                 <device>
                      Explicitly choose the Matrox device  name  to  use  (de‐
                      fault: /dev/mga_vid).

       xmga (Linux, X11 only)
              FIXME:  It’ ok the difference between 3dfx, tdfxfb and tdfx_vid?

       tdfxfb (Linux only)
              This driver employs the tdfx framebuffer driver to  play  movies
              with  YUV acceleration on 3dfx cards.  FIXME: It’ ok the differ‐
              ence between 3dfx, tdfxfb and tdfx_vid?
                 <device>
                      Explicitly choose the fbdev device name to use (default:
                      /dev/fb0).

       tdfx_vid (Linux only)
              3dfx  specific  video  output driver.  This driver directly uses
              the tdfx_vid kernel module.  FIXME: It’ ok  the  difference  be‐
              tween 3dfx, tdfxfb and tdfx_vid?
                 <device>
                      Explicitly choose the device name to use (default: /dev/
                      tdfx_vid).

       dxr2 (also see -dxr2) (DXR2 only)
              Creative DXR2 specific video output driver.
                 <vo_driver>
                      Output video subdriver to use as overlay (x11, xv).

       dxr3 (DXR3 only)
              Sigma Designs em8300 MPEG decoder chip (Creative DXR3, Sigma De‐
              signs  Hollywood  Plus)  specific video output driver.  Also see
              the lavc video filter.
                 overlay
                      Activates the overlay instead of TVOut.
                 prebuf
                      Turns on prebuffering.
                 sync
                      Will turn on the new sync-engine.
                 norm=<norm>
                      Specifies the TV norm.
                         0: Does not change current norm (default).
                         1: Auto-adjust using PAL/NTSC.
                         2: Auto-adjust using PAL/PAL-60.
                         3: PAL
                         4: PAL-60
                         5: NTSC

                 <0-3>
                      Specifies the device number to use if you have more than
                      one em8300 card.

       ivtv (IVTV only)
              Conexant  CX23415  (iCompression  iTVC15)  or  Conexant  CX23416
              (iCompression  iTVC16)  MPEG  decoder  chip   (Hauppauge   WinTV
              PVR-150/250/350/500)  specific  video  output driver for TV-Out.
              Also see the lavc video filter.
                 device
                      output filename (default: ./grab.mpg)

       zr (also see -zr* and -zrhelp)
              Video  output  driver  for  a  number  of MJPEG capture/playback
              cards.

       zr2 (also see the zrmjpeg video filter)
              Video output driver  for  a  number  of  MJPEG  capture/playback
              cards, second generation.
                 dev=<device>
                      Specifies the video device to use.
                 norm=<PAL|NTSC|SECAM|auto>
                      Specifies the video norm to use (default: auto).
                 (no)prebuf
                      (De)Activate prebuffering, not yet supported.

       md5sum
              Calculate MD5 sums of each frame and write them to a file.  Sup‐
              ports RGB24 and YV12 colorspaces.  Useful for debugging.
                 outfile=<value>
                      Specify the output filename (default: ./md5sums).

       yuv4mpeg
              Transforms the video stream into a sequence of uncompressed  YUV
              4:2:0  images  and  stores it in a file (default: ./stream.yuv).
              The format is the same as the one  employed  by  mjpegtools,  so
              this  is useful if you want to process the video with the mjpeg‐
              tools suite.  It supports the YV12, RGB (24  bpp)  and  BGR  (24
              bpp)  format.   You  can combine it with the -fixed-vo option to
              concatenate files with the same dimensions and fps value.
                 interlaced
                      Write the output as interlaced frames, top field  first.
                 interlaced_bf
                      Write  the  output  as  interlaced  frames, bottom field
                      first.
                 file=<filename>
                      Write the output to <filename> instead  of  the  default
                      stream.yuv.

              NOTE: If you do not specify any option the output is progressive
              (i.e. not interlaced).

       gif89a
              Output each frame into a single animated GIF file in the current
              directory.  It supports only RGB format with 24 bpp and the out‐
              put is converted to 256 colors.
                 <fps>
                      Float value to specify framerate (default: 5.0).
                 <filename>
                      Specify the output filename (default: ./out.gif).

              NOTE: You must specify the framerate before the filename or  the
                 optimize=<0-100>
                      optimization factor (default: 100)
                 smooth=<0-100>
                      smooth factor (default: 0)
                 quality=<0-100>
                      quality factor (default: 75)
                 outdir=<dirname>
                      Specify the directory to save the  JPEG  files  to  (de‐
                      fault: ./).
                 subdirs=<prefix>
                      Create numbered subdirectories with the specified prefix
                      to save the files in instead of the current directory.
                 maxfiles=<value>
                      Maximum number of files to be  saved  per  subdirectory.
                      Must be equal to or larger than 1 (default: 1000).

       pnm
              Output  each  frame  into  a  PNM file in the current directory.
              Each file takes the frame number padded with  leading  zeros  as
              name.   It  supports  PPM,  PGM and PGMYUV files in both raw and
              ASCII mode.  Also see pnm(5), ppm(5) and pgm(5).
                 ppm
                      Write PPM files (default).
                 pgm
                      Write PGM files.
                 pgmyuv
                      Write PGMYUV files.  PGMYUV is like  PGM,  but  it  also
                      contains  the  U  and V plane, appended at the bottom of
                      the picture.
                 raw
                      Write PNM files in raw mode (default).
                 ascii
                      Write PNM files in ASCII mode.
                 outdir=<dirname>
                      Specify the directory to save the PNM files to (default:
                      ./).
                 subdirs=<prefix>
                      Create numbered subdirectories with the specified prefix
                      to save the files in instead of the current directory.
                 maxfiles=<value>
                      Maximum number of files to be  saved  per  subdirectory.
                      Must be equal to or larger than 1 (default: 1000).

       png
              Output  each  frame  into  a  PNG file in the current directory.
              Each file takes the frame number padded with  leading  zeros  as
              name.  24bpp RGB and BGR formats are supported.
                 z=<0-9>
                      Specifies the compression level.  0 is no compression, 9
                      is maximum compression.

       tga
              name to omit it.  Use a ’+’ before the codec name to  force  it,
              this  will likely crash!  If the list has a trailing ’,’ MPlayer
              will fall back on codecs not contained in the list.
              NOTE: See -ac help for a full list of available codecs.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -ac mp3acm
                      Force the l3codeca.acm MP3 codec.
                 -ac mad,
                      Try libmad first, then fall back on others.
                 -ac hwac3,a52,
                      Try hardware AC3 passthrough, software AC3, then others.
                 -ac hwdts,
                      Try  hardware DTS passthrough, then fall back on others.
                 -ac -ffmp3,
                      Skip FFmpeg’s MP3 decoder.

       -af-adv <force=(0-7):list=(filters)> (also see -af)
              Specify advanced audio filter options:

                 force=<0-7>
                      Forces the insertion of audio filters to one of the fol‐
                      lowing:
                         0: Use completely automatic filter insertion.
                         1: Optimize for accuracy (default).
                         2: Optimize for speed.  Warning: Some features in the
                         audio filters may silently fail, and the sound quali‐
                         ty may drop.
                         3: Use no automatic insertion of filters and no opti‐
                         mization.  Warning:  It  may  be  possible  to  crash
                         MPlayer using this setting.
                         4:  Use automatic insertion of filters according to 0
                         above, but use floating point processing when  possi‐
                         ble.
                         5:  Use automatic insertion of filters according to 1
                         above, but use floating point processing when  possi‐
                         ble.
                         6:  Use automatic insertion of filters according to 2
                         above, but use floating point processing when  possi‐
                         ble.
                         7: Use no automatic insertion of filters according to
                         3 above, and use floating point processing when  pos‐
                         sible.

                 list=<filters>
                      Same as -af.

       -afm <driver1,driver2,...>
              Specify  a priority list of audio codec families to be used, ac‐
              cording to their codec name in codecs.conf.  Falls back  on  the
              default codecs if none of the given codec families work.
              NOTE: See -afm help for a full list of available codec families.

       -noaspect
              Disable automatic movie aspect ratio compensation.

       -flip
              Flip image upside-down.

       -lavdopts <option1:option2:...> (DEBUG CODE)
              Specify  libavcodec  decoding parameters.  Separate multiple op‐
              tions with a colon.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -lavdopts gray:skiploopfilter=all:skipframe=nonref

              Available options are:

                 bitexact
                      Only use bit-exact algorithms in all decoding steps (for
                      codec testing).

                 bug=<value>
                      Manually work around encoder bugs.
                         0: nothing
                         1: autodetect bugs (default)
                         2  (msmpeg4v3):  some  old  lavc  generated msmpeg4v3
                         files (no autodetection)
                         4 (mpeg4):  XviD  interlacing  bug  (autodetected  if
                         fourcc==XVIX)
                         8 (mpeg4): UMP4 (autodetected if fourcc==UMP4)
                         16 (mpeg4): padding bug (autodetected)
                         32 (mpeg4): illegal vlc bug (autodetected per fourcc)
                         64 (mpeg4): XviD and DivX qpel bug (autodetected  per
                         fourcc/version)
                         128  (mpeg4):  old  standard  qpel  (autodetected per
                         fourcc/version)
                         256 (mpeg4): another qpel bug (autodetected per four‐
                         cc/version)
                         512  (mpeg4): direct-qpel-blocksize bug (autodetected
                         per fourcc/version)
                         1024 (mpeg4):  edge  padding  bug  (autodetected  per
                         fourcc/version)

                 debug=<value>
                      Display debugging information.
                         0: disabled
                         1: picture info
                         2: rate control
                         4: bitstream
                         8: macroblock (MB) type
                         16: per-block quantization parameter (QP)
                         32: motion vector
                         0x0040: motion vector visualization (use -noslices)
                         3: all (default)

                 er=<value>
                      Set error resilience strategy.
                         0: disabled
                         1: careful (Should work with broken encoders.)
                         2: normal (default) (Works with compliant  encoders.)
                         3:  aggressive (More checks, but might cause problems
                         even for valid bitstreams.)
                         4: very aggressive

                 fast (MPEG-2 only)
                      Enable optimizations which do not comply to the specifi‐
                      cation  and  might potentially cause problems, like sim‐
                      pler dequantization, assuming use of the default quanti‐
                      zation  matrix,  assuming  YUV  4:2:0 and skipping a few
                      checks to detect damaged bitstreams.

                 gray
                      grayscale only decoding (a bit faster than with color)

                 idct=<0-99> (see -lavcopts)
                      For best decoding quality use the  same  IDCT  algorithm
                      for  decoding and encoding.  This may come at a price in
                      accuracy, though.

                 lowres=<number>[,<w>]
                      Decode at lower resolutions.  Low resolution decoding is
                      not supported by all codecs, and it will often result in
                      ugly artifacts.  This is not a bug, but a side effect of
                      not decoding at full resolution.
                         0: disabled
                         1: 1/2 resolution
                         2: 1/4 resolution
                         3: 1/8 resolution
                      If <w> is specified lowres decoding will be used only if
                      the width of the video is major than or equal to <w>.

                 sb=<number> (MPEG-2 only)
                      Skip the given number of macroblock rows at the  bottom.

                 st=<number> (MPEG-2 only)
                      Skip the given number of macroblock rows at the top.

                 skiploopfilter=<skipvalue>
                      Skips  the loop filter (AKA deblocking) during H.264 de‐
                      coding.  Since the filtered frame is supposed to be used
                      as  reference  for  decoding dependent frames this has a
                      worse effect on quality than  not  doing  deblocking  on
                      e.g.  MPEG-2  video.  But at least for high bitrate HDTV
                      this provides a big  speedup  with  no  visible  quality
                      loss.
                      almost  all cases (see skiploopfilter for available skip
                      values).

                 skipframe=<skipvalue>
                      Skips decoding of frames completely.  Big  speedup,  but
                      jerky  motion and sometimes bad artifacts (see skiploop‐
                      filter for available skip values).

                 threads=<1-8>
                      number of threads to use for decoding (default: 1)

                 vismv=<value>
                      Visualize motion vectors.
                         0: disabled
                         1: Visualize forward predicted MVs of P-frames.
                         2: Visualize forward predicted MVs of B-frames.
                         4: Visualize backward predicted MVs of B-frames.

                 vstats
                      Prints  some  statistics  and  stores  them   in   ./vs‐
                      tats_*.log.

       -noslices
              Disable  drawing  video by 16-pixel height slices/bands, instead
              draws the whole frame in a single run.  May be faster or slower,
              depending on video card and available cache.  It has effect only
              with libmpeg2 and libavcodec codecs.

       -nosound
              Do not play/encode sound.  Useful for benchmarking.

       -novideo
              Do not play/encode video.  In many cases this will not work, use
              -vc null -vo null instead.

       -pp <quality> (also see -vf pp)
              Set  the DLL postprocess level.  This option is no longer usable
              with -vf pp.  It only works with Win32 DirectShow DLLs with  in‐
              ternal  postprocessing  routines.  The valid range of -pp values
              varies by codec, it is mostly 0-6, where  0=disable,  6=slowest/
              best.

       -pphelp (also see -vf pp)
              Show a summary about the available postprocess filters and their
              usage.

       -ssf <mode>
              Specifies software scaler parameters.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -vf scale -ssf lgb=3.0
                 lgb=<0-100>
                 0    stereo
                 1    left channel
                 2    right channel

       -sws <software scaler type> (also see -vf scale and -zoom)
              Specify the software scaler algorithm to be used with the  -zoom
              option.   This  affects video output drivers which lack hardware
              acceleration, e.g. x11.

              Available types are:

                 0    fast bilinear
                 1    bilinear
                 2    bicubic (good quality) (default)
                 3    experimental
                 4    nearest neighbor (bad quality)
                 5    area
                 6    luma bicubic / chroma bilinear
                 7    gauss
                 8    sincR
                 9    lanczos
                 10   natural bicubic spline

              NOTE: Some -sws options are tunable.   The  description  of  the
              scale video filter has further information.

       -vc <[-|+]codec1,[-|+]codec2,...[,]>
              Specify a priority list of video codecs to be used, according to
              their codec name in codecs.conf.  Use a  ’-’  before  the  codec
              name  to  omit it.  Use a ’+’ before the codec name to force it,
              this will likely crash!  If the list has a trailing ’,’  MPlayer
              will fall back on codecs not contained in the list.
              NOTE: See -vc help for a full list of available codecs.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -vc divx
                      Force Win32/VfW DivX codec, no fallback.
                 -vc -divxds,-divx,
                      Skip Win32 DivX codecs.
                 -vc ffmpeg12,mpeg12,
                      Try  libavcodec’s  MPEG-1/2  codec,  then libmpeg2, then
                      others.

       -vfm <driver1,driver2,...>
              Specify a priority list of video codec families to be used,  ac‐
              cording  to  their  names in codecs.conf.  Falls back on the de‐
              fault codecs if none of the given codec families work.
              NOTE: See -vfm help for a full list of available codec families.

              EXAMPLE:
                 -vfm ffmpeg,dshow,vfw
                      Try the libavcodec, then Directshow, then VfW codecs and

              XviD’s internal postprocessing filters:
                 deblock-chroma
                      chroma deblock filter
                 deblock-luma
                      luma deblock filter
                 dering-luma
                      luma deringing filter
                 dering-chroma
                      chroma deringing filter
                 filmeffect
                      Adds  artificial  film grain to the video.  May increase
                      perceived quality, while lowering true quality.

              rendering methods:
                 dr2
                      Activate direct rendering method 2.
                 nodr2
                      Deactivate direct rendering method 2.

       -xy <value> (also see -zoom)
                 value<=8
                      Scale image by factor <value>.
                 value>8
                      Set width to value and calculate height to keep  correct
                      aspect ratio.

       -y <y> (also see -zoom) (MPlayer only)
              Scale  image  to  height  <y>  (if  software/hardware scaling is
              available).  Disables aspect calculations.

       -zoom
              Allow software scaling, where available.  This will allow  scal‐
              ing  with  output  drivers (like x11, fbdev) that do not support
              hardware scaling where MPlayer disables scaling by  default  for
              performance reasons.

AUDIO FILTERS
       Audio  filters allow you to modify the audio stream and its properties.
       The syntax is:

       -af <filter1[=parameter1:parameter2:...],filter2,...>
              Setup a chain of audio filters.

       NOTE: To get a full list of available audio filters, see -af help.

       Available filters are:

       resample[=srate[:sloppy[:type]]]
              Changes the sample rate of the audio stream.  Can be used if you
              have  a  fixed  frequency sound card or if you are stuck with an
              old sound card that is only capable of max 44.1kHz.  This filter
              is  automatically enabled if necessary.  It only supports 16-bit
                 <type>
                      Selects which resampling method to use.
                         0: linear interpolation (fast, poor quality especial‐
                         ly when upsampling)
                         1: polyphase filterbank and integer processing
                         2: polyphase filterbank and floating point processing
                         (slow, best quality)

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer -af resample=44100:0:0
                      would set the output frequency of the resample filter to
                      44100Hz using exact output frequency scaling and  linear
                      interpolation.

       lavcresample[=srate[:length[:linear[:count[:cutoff]]]]]
              Changes  the  sample  rate  of  the  audio  stream to an integer
              <srate> in Hz.  It only supports the 16-bit  native-endian  for‐
              mat.
              NOTE: With MEncoder, you need to also use -srate <srate>.
                 <srate>
                      the output sample rate
                 <length>
                      length  of the filter with respect to the lower sampling
                      rate (default: 16)
                 <linear>
                      if 1 then filters will be linearly interpolated  between
                      polyphase entries
                 <count>
                      log2  of the number of polyphase entries (..., 10->1024,
                      11->2048, 12->4096, ...)  (default: 10->1024)
                 <cutoff>
                      cutoff frequency (0.0-1.0), default set  depending  upon
                      filter length

       sweep[=speed]
              Produces a sine sweep.
                 <0.0-1.0>
                      Sine  function  delta,  use  very low values to hear the
                      sweep.

       sinesuppress[=freq:decay]
              Remove a sine at the specified frequency.  Useful to get rid  of
              the  50/60Hz  noise on low quality audio equipment.  It probably
              only works on mono input.
                 <freq>
                      The frequency of the sine which should  be  removed  (in
                      Hz) (default: 50)
                 <decay>
                      Controls  the  adaptivity  (a larger value will make the
                      filter adapt to amplitude and phase changes  quicker,  a
                      smaller value will make the adaptation slower) (default:
                      0.0001).  Reasonable values are around 0.001.

              of audio is being played back.  The center frequencies  for  the
              10 bands are:

              No. frequency
              0    31.25 Hz
              1    62.50 Hz
              2   125.00 Hz
              3   250.00 Hz
              4   500.00 Hz
              5    1.00 kHz
              6    2.00 kHz
              7    4.00 kHz
              8    8.00 kHz
              9   16.00 kHz

              If  the  sample rate of the sound being played is lower than the
              center frequency for a frequency band, then that  band  will  be
              disabled.  A known bug with this filter is that the characteris‐
              tics for the uppermost band are not completely symmetric if  the
              sample rate is close to the center frequency of that band.  This
              problem can be worked around by upsampling the sound  using  the
              resample filter before it reaches this filter.
                 <g1>:<g2>:<g3>:...:<g10>
                      floating  point  numbers representing the gain in dB for
                      each frequency band (-12-12)

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer -af equalizer=11:11:10:5:0:-12:0:5:12:12 media.avi
                      Would amplify the sound in the upper and lower frequency
                      region while canceling it almost completely around 1kHz.

       channels=nch[:nr:from1:to1:from2:to2:from3:to3:...]
              Can be used for adding,  removing,  routing  and  copying  audio
              channels.   If  only <nch> is given the default routing is used,
              it works as follows: If the number of output channels is  bigger
              than  the  number  of input channels empty channels are inserted
              (except mixing from mono to stereo, then the mono channel is re‐
              peated in both of the output channels).  If the number of output
              channels is smaller than the number of input  channels  the  ex‐
              ceeding channels are truncated.
                 <nch>
                      number of output channels (1-6)
                 <nr>
                      number of routes (1-6)
                 <from1:to1:from2:to2:from3:to3:...>
                      Pairs  of  numbers  between 0 and 5 that define where to
                      route each channel.

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer -af channels=4:4:0:1:1:0:2:2:3:3 media.avi
                      Would change the number of channels to 4 and  set  up  4
                      routes that swap channel 0 and channel 1 and leave chan‐
                      for unsigned), ’b’ denotes the number of bits per sample
                      (16, 24 or 32) and  ’e’  denotes  the  endianness  (’le’
                      means  little-endian, ’be’ big-endian and ’ne’ the endi‐
                      anness of the computer MPlayer is  running  on).   Valid
                      values   (amongst  others)  are:  ’s16le’,  ’u32be’  and
                      ’u24ne’.  Exceptions to this rule that  are  also  valid
                      format  specifiers:  u8,  s8, floatle, floatbe, floatne,
                      mulaw, alaw, mpeg2, ac3 and imaadpcm.

       volume[=v[:sc]]
              Implements software volume control.  Use this filter  with  cau‐
              tion since it can reduce the signal to noise ratio of the sound.
              In most cases it is best to set the level for the PCM  sound  to
              max,  leave this filter out and control the output level to your
              speakers with the master volume control of the mixer.   In  case
              your  sound  card  has  a digital PCM mixer instead of an analog
              one, and you hear distortion, use the MASTER mixer instead.   If
              there  is  an external amplifier connected to the computer (this
              is almost always the case), the noise level can be minimized  by
              adjusting  the master level and the volume knob on the amplifier
              until the hissing noise in the background is gone.
              This filter has a second feature: It measures the overall  maxi‐
              mum  sound  level  and prints out that level when MPlayer exits.
              This volume estimate can be used for setting the sound level  in
              MEncoder such that the maximum dynamic range is utilized.
              NOTE: This filter is not reentrant and can therefore only be en‐
              abled once for every audio stream.
                 <v>
                      Sets the desired gain in dB  for  all  channels  in  the
                      stream  from  -200dB  to  +60dB,  where -200dB mutes the
                      sound completely and +60dB equals a gain  of  1000  (de‐
                      fault: 0).
                 <sc>
                      Turns  soft  clipping  on (1) or off (0).  Soft-clipping
                      can make the sound more smooth if very high volume  lev‐
                      els  are  used.  Enable this option if the dynamic range
                      of the loudspeakers is very low.
                      WARNING: This feature creates distortion and  should  be
                      considered a last resort.

              EXAMPLE:
                 mplayer -af volume=10.1:0 media.avi
                      Would  amplify  the sound by 10.1dB and hard-clip if the
                      sound level is too high.

       pan=n[:L00:L01:L02:...L10:L11:L12:...Ln0:Ln1:Ln2:...]
              Mixes channels arbitrarily.  Basically a combination of the vol‐
              ume  and  the  channels filter that can be used to down-mix many
              channels to only a few, e.g. stereo to mono or vary the  "width"
              of  the  center speaker in a surround sound system.  This filter
              is hard to use, and will require some tinkering before  the  de‐
              sired result is obtained.  The number of o